New Materials

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs - pictured left) are five times less dense than steel and approximately 30 times stronger. These mechanical properties make them ideal candidates for the reinforcement of polymers (such as in car bumpers).

Controlling the nanoscale structure of other materials can also improve them by increasing strength and ability to cope with deformation, eg aluminium foams are being developed which have nanoscale pores that give much more impact resistance than standard aluminium sheets. Decreasing the grain size of metals and ceramics increases their strength and malleability.

For example, nanoceramics are being applied as coatings to the paintwork of cars that offer improved durability. Companies which are using this include Mercedes Benz and Nissan. (pictured below) .