Quantum Computing

Definition

Quantum computing is the area of study focused on developing computer technology based on the principles of quantum theory, which explains the nature and behavior of energy and matter on the quantum (atomic and subatomic) level.

Development of a quantum computer would present a giant leap forward in computing capability, offering huge performance gains. Processing power, and related computing tasks would benefit hugely from quantum computings ability to operate in multiple states, processing all calculations and data permutations simultaneously.

Potential applications

As a result of the massive parallel computing power and ability to solve complex problems, quantum computers will find applications in the area of cryptography – allowing information to be communicated securely and only decrypted by someone with an equally powerful quantum computer. They will also be used for intensive computations in fields such as astronomy and physics; and simulation and modelling which could be used for environmental monitoring, nuclear fallout and oil discovery to name but a few examples. The modelling capabilities that quantum computing makes possible, could also facilitate the understanding of the fundamentals of matter itself. At present, computers simply do not have the processing power, memory or speed to be able to carry out calculations and data-gathering on this scale.

Nanotechnology Advances

The advances in nanotechnology mean that quantum computing is becoming more of a realistic proposition now than it has ever been in the past, but it is still some time away.

Quantum computers work differently from conventional systems in that they can handle more than the traditional '0' and '1' bits of information. In fact, 'qubits' - as they are named - can process anything in between that; meaning that new types of calculation and simulations can be performed.

Much of the work towards quantum computing is still in the theoretical stages, as there remain a variety of obstacles to overcome. One such obstacle is the fact that qubits are so sensitive - even miniscule vibrations or electric fluctuations will cause an operation to fail.